Ovarian cyst: definition and meaning
An ovarian cyst is a fluid-filled sac that forms on or inside an ovary. Most are functional cysts, a normal part of the menstrual cycle that cause no symptoms and disappear on their own within a few cycles. Less often, cysts are caused by conditions like endometriosis, can grow large, or need treatment.
Types of ovarian cyst
| Type | What it is |
|---|---|
| Follicular cyst | A follicle that keeps growing instead of releasing its egg |
| Corpus luteum cyst | The corpus luteum fills with fluid after ovulation |
| Endometrioma | A cyst linked to endometriosis, sometimes called a chocolate cyst |
| Dermoid cyst | A usually benign growth containing different tissue types |
| Cystadenoma | A cyst growing from the ovary's surface, usually benign |
The many small follicles seen in PCOS are not true cysts, despite the name.
Symptoms
- Often none: many cysts are found by chance on a scan
- A dull ache or pressure on one side of the pelvis
- Bloating, feeling full quickly, needing to pee often
- Pain during sex or changes to your period
Treatment
Small functional cysts are usually watched with a repeat ultrasound. Larger, persistent or unusual cysts may be removed with keyhole surgery. After menopause, doctors check cysts more carefully. Some hormonal contraception that stops ovulation can reduce new functional cysts.
Get emergency care for sudden, severe pelvic pain, especially with fever, vomiting, dizziness or fainting. A cyst can burst or twist the ovary (torsion), which needs urgent treatment.
Frequently asked questions
Can an ovarian cyst affect my period?
Sometimes. Functional cysts can make a period late, heavier or lighter, or cause spotting, until they resolve.
Are ovarian cysts cancer?
Almost all are not, especially before menopause. Doctors use ultrasound and sometimes blood tests to check any that look unusual.
Can ovarian cysts cause bloating and low mood?
Large cysts can cause bloating and discomfort, and persistent pain can affect sleep and mood. Ongoing bloating is always worth mentioning to a doctor.
Sources
This page is for information only and isn鈥檛 medical advice. If something worries you, please talk to a doctor.
Keep reading
Ovaries: definition and meaningThe ovaries are two small glands that store eggs and make estrogen and progesterone. What they do across the cycle, through life, and why they matter.
What is PCOS (polycystic ovary syndrome)?PCOS (polycystic ovary syndrome) is a common hormone condition causing irregular periods, high androgens and ovulation problems. Signs, diagnosis and care.
Endometriosis: definition and meaningEndometriosis is when tissue similar to the uterine lining grows outside the uterus. A clear definition, common symptoms, and when to see a doctor.
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