Androgens: definition and meaning
Androgens are a group of hormones, including testosterone, androstenedione, DHEA and DHEA-S, that are often called male hormones but are made by everyone. In women they come from the ovaries and adrenal glands, are partly converted into estrogen, and support libido, bone and muscle. High androgen levels are a key feature of PCOS.
The main androgens
| Androgen | Made mainly by | Note |
|---|---|---|
| Testosterone | ovaries and adrenals | the most potent; mostly bound to SHBG |
| Androstenedione | ovaries and adrenals | converted to testosterone or estrogen |
| DHEA and DHEA-S | adrenal glands | the most abundant; a precursor to other hormones |
Androgens and PCOS
In polycystic ovary syndrome, the ovaries tend to make more androgens, often encouraged by high insulin. This can interfere with follicle growth and ovulation, leading to irregular periods. High androgens (hyperandrogenism) is one of the three diagnostic criteria for PCOS. Read more in PCOS.
Signs of high androgens
- Persistent acne, especially along the jaw and chin
- Excess hair on the face, chest or back (hirsutism)
- Thinning hair on the scalp
- Irregular or missing periods
- Rarely, a deeper voice or muscle changes, which need prompt medical review
Lower androgen levels, for example after the ovaries are removed, may reduce desire and energy. See libido across the cycle.
See a doctor if you have irregular periods with acne or extra hair growth. Blood tests and sometimes an ultrasound can check for PCOS or adrenal causes. Rapid hair growth or voice changes need prompt attention.
Frequently asked questions
Do androgens affect mood?
They play a part in energy and desire. People with PCOS also have higher rates of anxiety and depression, linked to hormones, symptoms and stress.
What lowers high androgens?
Depending on the cause, options include combined pills, anti-androgen medicines like spironolactone, and lifestyle steps that improve insulin sensitivity. A doctor can tailor this.
Sources
This page is for information only and isn鈥檛 medical advice. If something worries you, please talk to a doctor.
Keep reading
Testosterone in women: definition and meaningTestosterone is not just a male hormone. What it does in women, how it shifts around ovulation, and what high or low levels can mean for mood and libido.
What is PCOS (polycystic ovary syndrome)?PCOS (polycystic ovary syndrome) is a common hormone condition causing irregular periods, high androgens and ovulation problems. Signs, diagnosis and care.PCOS (now also called PMOS) and your cyclePCOS, now also called PMOS, explained: the common signs, how doctors diagnose it, what it does to your cycle and mood, and what helps day to day.
What is DHEA?DHEA is an adrenal hormone the body turns into testosterone and estrogen. What it does, why it's tested in PCOS, and what evidence says about supplements.
What is sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG)?Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) is a liver protein that binds testosterone and estrogen. What low or high SHBG means, and its link to PCOS and the pill.