Menopause: definition and meaning
Menopause is the point when menstrual periods have stopped permanently because the ovaries no longer release eggs or make much estrogen. It is confirmed after 12 months in a row without a period. In the US the average age is about 51. The years of change before it are called perimenopause, and the years after are postmenopause.
Menopause, perimenopause and postmenopause
| Stage | What it means | Typical timing |
|---|---|---|
| Perimenopause | Hormones fluctuate, periods change | Mid 40s, lasting about 4 to 8 years |
| Menopause | 12 months with no period | Average age about 51 |
| Postmenopause | Every year after that | Rest of life |
Menopause before 45 is called early menopause, and before 40 it may be premature ovarian insufficiency. Surgery to remove both ovaries causes immediate menopause.
Common symptoms
- Hot flashes and night sweats
- Sleep problems, tiredness
- Mood changes, anxiety, low mood, brain fog
- Vaginal dryness and lower libido
- Joint aches and changes in skin and hair
Many symptoms peak in perimenopause rather than after the final period. Treatments include hormone therapy, non-hormonal medicines, and lifestyle changes. Read the full guide to menopause.
Mood deserves a special mention. Anxiety, irritability and low mood are common in the transition, partly from hormone swings and partly from poor sleep. Tracking how you feel day by day can show whether changes follow your remaining cycles, which is useful to bring to a doctor.
Any bleeding after menopause (12 months with no period) should be checked by a doctor promptly.
Frequently asked questions
How do I know I've reached menopause?
When you've gone 12 months without a period and there's no other cause. Blood tests are rarely needed over 45.
Can you still get pregnant before menopause?
Yes. Until you've had 12 months without a period (24 months if under 50), contraception is still advised if you don't want to conceive.
Does menopause affect mood?
It can. Mood changes, anxiety and low mood are most common in perimenopause, when hormones swing the most. People with a history of PMS or postnatal depression may be more sensitive. Talk to a doctor if low mood lasts.
Sources
This page is for information only and isn鈥檛 medical advice. If something worries you, please talk to a doctor.
Keep reading
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Perimenopause: definition and meaningPerimenopause is the transition before menopause when hormones fluctuate and periods change, usually starting in your 40s. Signs, mood changes and timing.Hot flashes: definition and meaningHot flashes (hot flushes) are sudden waves of heat, usually around menopause. What causes them, how long they last, what helps, and how they affect mood.
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